\(u_n=\dfrac{n^2+1}{2n^2-3}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{n^2+1}{n^2-1,5}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{n^2-1,5+2,5}{n^2-1,5}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{2.5}{n^2-1,5}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2}\)

=>(U_n) là dãy số bị chặn

\(\text{Ta có:} \ u_n=\dfrac{\sqrt{n}}{n+9} \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{u_n}=\dfrac{n+9}{\sqrt n}=\sqrt n+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt n} \\ \text{Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có:} \\ \sqrt n + \dfrac{9}{\sqrt n} \geq 6 \ \text{hay} \ \dfrac{1}{u_n} \geq 6 \\ \Rightarrow u_n \leq \dfrac{1}{6} \\ \text{Vậy dãy} \ (u_n) \ \text{bị chặn trên bởi} \ \dfrac{1}{6}\)

Ta có: \({u_n} = \frac{{{n^2} + 1}}{{2{n^2} + 4}} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {\frac{{{n^2} + 1}}{{{n^2} + 2}}} \right) = \frac{1}{2}\left( {1 - \frac{1}{{{n^2} + 2}}} \right) < \frac{1}{2}\).

Ta lại có: \[{u_n} = \frac{{{n^2} + 1}}{{2{n^2} + 4}} > 0\]

Do đó \(0 < {u_n} < \frac{1}{2}\).

Vì vậy dãy số (u_n) bị chặn.

a) Ta có: \(n \ge 1\; \Rightarrow n - 1 \ge 0\; \Rightarrow {u_n} \ge 0,\;\forall \;n \in {N^*}\;\)

Do đó, \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) bị chặn dưới bởi 0.

\(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) không bị chặn trên vì không tồn tại số M nào để \(n - 1 < M,\;\forall \;n \in {N^*}\).

b) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\forall n \in {N^*},{u_n} = \frac{{n + 1}}{{n + 2}} > 0.\\{u_n} = \frac{{n + 1}}{{n + 2}} = \frac{{n + 2 - 1}}{{n + 2}} = 1 - \frac{1}{{n + 2}} < 1,\forall n \in {N^*}\\ \Rightarrow 0 < {u_n} < 1\end{array}\)

Vậy \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) bị chặn.

c) Ta có: 

\( - 1 < \sin n < 1\)

\( \Rightarrow  - 1 < {u_n} < 1,\forall n \in {N^*}\)

Vậy \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) bị chặn.

d) Ta có: 

Nếu n chẵn, \({u_n} =  - {n^2} < 0\), \(\forall n \in {N^*}\).

Nếu n lẻ, \({u_n} = {n^2} > 0\), \(\forall n \in {N^*}\).

Vậy \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) không bị chặn.

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{n+4}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}+\dfrac{2}{n+2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\dfrac{3}{n+1+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}\right)\)

Đặt \(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{3}{n+1}\)

\(U_n=\dfrac{an^2-1}{n^2+3}\)

\(=\dfrac{an^2+3a-3a-1}{n^2+3}\)

\(=a+\dfrac{-3a-1}{n^2+3}\)

Để dãy này là dãy tăng thì \(U_{n+1}>U_n\)

=>\(a+\dfrac{-3a-1}{\left(n+1\right)^2+3}>a+\dfrac{-3a-1}{n^2+3}\)

=>\(\dfrac{-3a-1}{\left(n+1\right)^2+3}>\dfrac{-3a-1}{n^2+3}\)

=>\(\dfrac{3a+1}{\left(n+1\right)^2+3}< \dfrac{3a+1}{n^2+3}\)(1)

TH1: 3a+1>0

=>a>-1/3

(1)=>\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2+3}< \dfrac{1}{n^2+3}\)

=>\(\left(n+1\right)^2+3>n^2+3\)

=>\(\left(n+1\right)^2>n^2\)

=>\(n^2+2n+1-n^2>0\)

=>\(2n+1>0\)(luôn đúng với mọi n>=1)

TH2: 3a+1<0

=>a<-1/3

(2) trở thành \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2+3}>\dfrac{1}{n^2+3}\)

=>\(\left(n+1\right)^2+3< n^2+3\)

=>\(n^2+2n+1-n^2< 0\)

=>2n+1<0

=>2n<-1

=>\(n< -\dfrac{1}{2}\)(loại)

Vậy: \(a>-\dfrac{1}{3}\)

a) Bị chặn trên vì \(u_n\le1,\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)

b) Bị chặn dưới vì \(u_n\ge2,\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)

c) Bị chặn dưới vì \(u_n\ge\sqrt{3},\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)

d) Bị chặn vì \(0< u_n\le\dfrac{1}{2},\forall n\in\mathbb{N}^{\circledast}\)

\(u_2=\sqrt{2}\left(2+3\right)-3=5\sqrt{2}-3\)

\(u_3=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}.5\sqrt{2}-3=5\sqrt{3}-3\)

\(u_4=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}.5\sqrt{3}-3=5\sqrt{4}-3\)

....

\(\Rightarrow u_n=5\sqrt{n}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits\dfrac{u_n}{\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\dfrac{5\sqrt{n}-3}{\sqrt{n}}=5\)